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Models of Interrogation and Interview

8. Persuasive vs. Investigative Techniques

This compilation contrasts persuasion-based interrogation with investigative, dialogue-based approaches and summarizes research on confession outcomes, including laboratory studies of false confessions. It also describes the PEACE interview model and research on rapport, information gathering, and assessment of credibility.

7. Investigative Interviewing (the PEACE model)

This resource describes investigative interviewing as an information-gathering approach and outlines the PEACE framework: planning and preparation, engaging and explaining, obtaining an account, closure, and evaluation. It also compiles research abstracts on memory-enhancing interviews, question style, interviewer bias, suspect interviews, and training in rapport-based methods.

6. Pretext Phone Call

This article describes pretext phone calls used to elicit statements from suspects and compares callers’ tactics with police interrogation strategies. It discusses how apologies and other statements may be interpreted, alongside potential advantages, limitations, and references.

5. Claims of Lie Detection

This resource summarizes research questioning the reliability of behavioral cues commonly treated as signs of deception, including gaze aversion, fidgeting, vocal features, and micro-expressions. It also notes limits of training and describes the evidentiary support discussed for behavioral-analysis approaches and neurolinguistic programming.

4. Confirmation Bias

This resource introduces confirmation bias and discusses how expectations can shape information gathering, interpretation, and interviewing. It compiles research examples and concludes with an article abstract connecting interrogation practices with prior evidence of guilt and the risk of false confessions.

3. Selling Confession

This article describes interrogation strategies presented as encouraging suspects to confess by portraying the interrogator as an ally and suggesting confession may improve outcomes. It also summarizes research on how minimization and honesty themes can affect expectations about sentencing.

2. Deceptive Use of False Evidence

This resource discusses research on deceptive claims of evidence during interrogation and the role of perceived hopelessness in sexual-assault suspect interrogations, including discussion of polygraph or voice-stress claims. It also includes research abstracts on context reinstatement in interviews and contamination of crime details in confessions.

1. The Interrogation Model (Reid Technique)

This compilation outlines the Reid interrogation approach, including its accusatorial steps and maximization and minimization tactics, then surveys criticism and research concerning coercion, confession reliability, and false confessions. It includes summaries of studies comparing accusatorial or persuasion-based methods with information-gathering or dialogue-based approaches, as well as discussion of recording, training, and juvenile suspects.