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COUNTERING Counterintuitive Testimony (Child, handout)

This State Bar of Arizona handout examines testimony about children’s responses and behavior in child sexual abuse cases. It surveys issues including disclosure timing, changing accounts, continued contact, interviewing practices, possible confounds, confirmation bias, and research relevant to evaluating competing explanations.

Memory Drift

This compilation gathers research using the term ‘drift’ in studies of memory strength, recall, forgetting, and decision processes, alongside work on warning signals and predator memory. The cited papers examine different tasks and models, including delayed judgments of learning and age-related memory performance, so the collection presents research topics rather than direct evidence about memory changes in a particular witness.

Rape Trauma Syndrome

This resource traces legal and research discussions of rape trauma syndrome, including court decisions about when expert testimony may explain counterintuitive behavior and when it risks bolstering credibility. It also summarizes research on coping and trauma symptoms and presents critiques of using the syndrome as a diagnosis or as evidence that a particular sexual encounter lacked consent.

1. “Freeze-Flight-Fight” or Tonic Immobility

This resource reviews explanations offered for a person’s response during an alleged assault, including fight, flight, freezing, tonic immobility, and social affiliation under stress. It compiles research and commentary on fear responses, trauma, and sex differences, while presenting findings from varied populations and study designs rather than establishing a single behavioral pattern for every person.

Child Forensic Interviewing: Best Practices

This United States Department of Justice bulletin consolidates guidance on conducting forensic interviews with children in alleged abuse cases. It discusses interview purpose, preparation, rapport, open-ended questions, interview stages, and team coordination, while emphasizing that children’s accounts and needs differ and that repeated or overly focused questioning can create problems.

Fight/Flight/Freeze

The resource reviews fight, flight, and freeze as possible responses to perceived danger, including tonic immobility and other passive reactions. It explains physiological stress responses and summarizes research proposing a broader sequence of defensive reactions, while noting that responses may vary with age and sex.

Dissociative Disorder and Malingering

This collection summarizes research and clinical articles concerning dissociative disorders, malingering, and diagnostic questions in forensic contexts. The entries address self-report measures, differential diagnosis, simulated symptoms, memory, and the dissociative subtype of PTSD.

Borderline Personality and False Allegations of Sexual Assault

This topic paper reviews diagnostic features of borderline personality disorder and literature addressing false sexual-assault allegations, including proposed pathways discussed by cited authors. It also summarizes research on false-report definitions, prevalence, motives, and investigative classification, and notes that people with BPD may themselves have histories of sexual or physical assault.

BDSM

This page collects abstracts and citations on BDSM, consent, and distinctions between consensual practices and abuse. The referenced works discuss relationship dynamics, media depictions, consent frameworks, and clinical or educational approaches.

Affidavit for Memory

This declaration describes memory processes that the psychologist says may affect recollection in a sexual-assault case. It discusses reconstructive recall, source misattribution, memory change over time, suggestion, hindsight bias, motivated memory, and imagination inflation, emphasizing that interacting influences may alter a person’s account.