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pathology

Bipolar Disorder and Substance Abuse

This collection reviews research on the co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and substance use, including how the combination may affect diagnosis and illness course. The studies discuss high comorbidity, possible roles for impulsivity, and limited controlled treatment evidence, with one review describing integrated medication and psychosocial approaches as promising but in need of further study.

Psychosis and Alcohol

This clinical overview describes alcohol-related psychosis, which may arise during or soon after heavy drinking or during withdrawal and can involve hallucinations, paranoia, or fear. It reviews diagnostic considerations, possible causes, evaluation, and management, and emphasizes distinguishing alcohol-induced symptoms from schizophrenia, delirium, and other medical causes.

Dissociative Disorder and Malingering

This collection summarizes research and clinical articles concerning dissociative disorders, malingering, and diagnostic questions in forensic contexts. The entries address self-report measures, differential diagnosis, simulated symptoms, memory, and the dissociative subtype of PTSD.

Borderline Personality and Cutting

This compilation brings together research abstracts on borderline personality disorder and self-injury, including cutting. The studies address prevalence and patterns across age groups, clinical and nonclinical samples, functions and correlates of self-injury, diagnostic questions, and treatment or research implications.

PATHOLOGY: Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder involves marked fear or anxiety in social situations where a person may be scrutinized, such as conversations, being observed, or performing before others. The DSM-5 material says the person fears negative evaluation or embarrassment and typically avoids these situations or endures them with intense anxiety, while also discussing diagnostic features, course, differential diagnosis, and comorbidity.

PATHOLOGY: Parkinson’s Disease and Paranoia

This review describes cognitive, psychiatric, and emotional symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease, including psychosis with visual hallucinations or paranoid delusions. It notes that symptoms may reflect underlying disease processes, dopaminergic medication, or both, and that treatment options can be limited by adverse effects on motor symptoms.

PATHOLOGY: Paranoia and Violence

The studies collected here examine how paranoid delusions, fear, anger, and other clinical factors relate to violent behavior and judgments of dangerousness. One small case series found fear and defensive anger commonly accompanied delusions and some offenses, while a hospital-record study found diagnosis and delusions less influential than institutional progress and prior assaultiveness.

DRUG: Marijuana and Psychosis

The article surveys research and case reports linking cannabis use, including synthetic cannabinoids, with psychotic experiences and other psychiatric symptoms. It summarizes longitudinal evidence associating regular or heavy cannabis use with increased psychosis risk, while emphasizing that observational findings leave uncertainty about causation and individual vulnerability.

PATHOLOGY: Hypochondriasis, Somatic Symptom Disorder, and Illness Anxiety Disorder

The DSM-5 replaced the former hypochondriasis category with Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder, reflecting different patterns of bodily symptoms and illness-related anxiety. The article describes how the distinction may clarify diagnosis and shape psychological approaches, while noting scholarly disagreement about whether the categories should remain separate.

CHILD: Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is described as a pattern of behavior that violates others’ rights or age-appropriate rules and norms. The resource outlines diagnostic symptoms and onset, associated risk factors and comorbid conditions, effects on functioning, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches.